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FTO genotype is associated with exercise training-induced changes in body composition.

Tuomo Rankinen1, Treva Rice, Margarita Teran-Garcia

  • 1Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA. rankint@pbrc.edu

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|June 23, 2009
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Summary

The fat mass (FTO) gene influences how much body fat is lost through exercise. Individuals with the FTO A allele show less fat loss from exercise compared to C allele carriers.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Obesity Research
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • The fat mass (FTO) gene is a key obesity-susceptibility gene identified through genome-wide association studies.
  • Individuals with the FTO A/A genotype have a significantly higher risk of obesity.
  • The impact of FTO genotype on exercise-induced changes in body composition remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between FTO genotype and exercise-induced changes in adiposity.
  • To determine if FTO genotype influences the effectiveness of endurance training on body fat reduction.

Main Methods:

  • A 20-week endurance training program was conducted in 481 sedentary adults from the HERITAGE Family Study.
  • Body composition was assessed using underwater weighing before and after the training intervention.
  • FTO single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8050136 was genotyped.

Main Results:

  • In the sedentary state, FTO A/A homozygotes (men) were heavier and had higher body fat than other genotypes.
  • FTO genotype significantly influenced body fat response to exercise (P < 0.005).
  • Carriers of the FTO C allele exhibited threefold greater fat mass and %body fat loss compared to A/A homozygotes.

Conclusions:

  • The FTO genotype is associated with variations in exercise-induced body fat reduction.
  • Reduced responsiveness to exercise-induced fat loss in FTO A allele carriers may contribute to obesity.
  • This suggests a potential mechanism by which the FTO A allele promotes overweight and obesity.