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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Forces01:14

Conservative Forces

According to the law of conservation of energy, any transition between kinetic and potential energy conserves the total energy of the system. Hence, the work done by a conservative force is completely reversible. It is path independent, which means that we can start and stop at any two points in the transition, and the total energy of the system (kinetic plus potential energy at these points) will remain conserved. This is characteristic of a conservative force. Some important examples of...
Conservative Forces01:03

Conservative Forces

Conservative forces are an essential concept in the field of mechanical engineering. Understanding the properties and characteristics of these forces is crucial to the design and analysis of mechanical systems.
Conservative forces are forces that are dependent only on the initial and final positions of an object and that are independent of the path that the object takes between these positions. These forces conserve energy, which means that the work done by the force is independent of the path...
Conservation of Energy: Application01:12

Conservation of Energy: Application

When solving problems using the energy conservation law, the object (system) to be studied should first be identified. Often, in applications of energy conservation, we study more than one body at the same time. Second, identify all forces acting on the object and determine whether each force doing work is conservative. If a non-conservative force (e.g., friction) is doing work, then mechanical energy is not conserved. The system must then be analyzed with non-conservative work. Third, for...
The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...
Work-energy Theorem01:41

Work-energy Theorem

According to Newton’s second law of motion, the sum of all the forces acting on a particle (net force) determines the rate of change in the momentum of the particle (motion). Therefore, we should consider the work done by all forces acting on a particle, or the net work, to see its effect on the particle’s motion.
The work-energy theorem equates work done by all the forces on an object to the change in its kinetic energy. The theorem can be used to calculate work done by a force when...
Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles01:28

Conservation of Linear Momentum for a System of Particles

In the dynamic realm of billiards, a fascinating interplay of forces governs the motion of cue balls and stationary balls. When the cue ball collides with a stationary ball, linear momentum is exchanged. The cue ball imparts a fraction of its linear momentum to the stationary ball, causing the cue ball to decelerate while initiating the motion of the stationary ball.
The impulsive force at play during this interaction is of extremely short duration, rendering its impulse negligible. When...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Maximum work in minimum time from a conservative quantum system.

Peter Salamon1, Karl Heinz Hoffmann, Yair Rezek

  • 1Department of Mathematical Science, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA. salamon@sdsu.edu

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|June 23, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores maximizing work extraction from quantum systems by adjusting external parameters. It introduces a harmonic oscillator model demonstrating quantum friction and minimum transition times for thermodynamic systems.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
05:30

Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Understanding work extraction from quantum systems is crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Finite-time thermodynamics and quantum friction are key areas of research.
  • The third law of thermodynamics sets fundamental limits on processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate methods for obtaining maximum work from a conservative quantum system.
  • To analyze a non-interacting harmonic oscillator system with a changing frequency.
  • To explore implications for quantum friction and thermodynamic transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a quantum system of non-interacting harmonic oscillators.
  • Modeling a time-dependent external parameter in the Hamiltonian.
  • Investigating the system's response to changes in frequency.

Main Results:

  • The study presents a model for maximum work extraction.
  • It demonstrates the simplest system exhibiting quantum friction.
  • A new type of availability and minimum transition time are identified.

Conclusions:

  • The harmonic oscillator model provides insights into quantum friction and finite-time thermodynamics.
  • The findings contribute to understanding work extraction limits and thermodynamic transitions.
  • This work offers a new perspective on availability in quantum systems.