Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: a critique

The question is whether alteration of risk factors will aid primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Critical review of available evidence indicates that inferences have been made about the beneficial effects of risk factor modification without an adequate test of the hypothesis. Trial interventions to assess the efficacy of serum cholesterol-lowering measures have had negative or equivocal results. It remains to be seen whether the findings of clinical trials on hypertension can be applied toward primary prevention of coronary heart disease in the community. The cigarette smoking habit seems to be unique among coronary heart disease risk factors. The evidence appears sufficient to justify serious consideration of a strategy of preventing the smoking habit now, persuading patients to stop and encouraging teenagers not to start.