Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

A scaling law of photoionization in few-cycle regime

Jingtao Zhang, Lihua Bai, Shangqing Gong

    Optics Express
    |June 24, 2009
    PubMed

    More Related Videos

    Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch09:33

    Determination of the Photoisomerization Quantum Yield of a Hydrazone Photoswitch

    Published on: February 7, 2022

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals10:35

    Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

    Published on: May 29, 2018

    Related Concept Videos

    Photoelectric Effect02:26

    Photoelectric Effect

    When light of a particular wavelength strikes a metal surface, electrons are emitted. This is called the photoelectric effect. The minimum frequency of light that can cause such emission of electrons is called the threshold frequency, which is specific to the metal. Light with a frequency lower than the threshold frequency, even if it is of high intensity, cannot initiate the emission of electrons. However, when the frequency is higher than the threshold value, the number of electrons ejected...
    The Bohr Model02:18

    The Bohr Model

    Following the work of Ernest Rutherford and his colleagues in the early twentieth century, the picture of atoms consisting of tiny dense nuclei surrounded by lighter and even tinier electrons continually moving about the nucleus was well established. This picture was called the planetary model since it pictured the atom as a miniature “solar system” with the electrons orbiting the nucleus like planets orbiting the sun. The simplest atom is hydrogen, consisting of a single proton as the nucleus...
    Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram01:25

    Deactivation Processes: Jablonski Diagram

    Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
    Ionization Energy03:12

    Ionization Energy

    The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a gaseous atom in its ground state is called its first ionization energy (IE1). The first ionization energy for an element, X, is the energy required to form a cation with 1+ charge:
    Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

    Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

    The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
    Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
    Emission Spectra02:39

    Emission Spectra

    When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.