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Related Concept Videos

Pulse amplitude and quality01:17

Pulse amplitude and quality

Pulse amplitude is a crucial indicator of cardiac health because it provides valuable insights into the strength of left ventricular contractions and the overall uniformity of blood circulation within the vasculature. The strength of the pulse is directly related to the force with which the heart contracts and the volume of blood being pumped.
A weak or absent pulse may indicate reduced cardiac output or poor left ventricular contraction, which can be signs of cardiovascular dysfunction or...
Upsampling01:22

Upsampling

Managing signal sampling rates is essential in digital signal processing to maintain signal integrity. A decimated signal, characterized by a reduced frequency range due to its lower sampling rate, can be upsampled by inserting zeros between each sample. This upsampling process expands the original spectrum and introduces repeated spectral replicas at intervals dictated by the new Nyquist frequency. To refine this zero-inserted sequence, it is passed through a lowpass filter with a cutoff...
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the system's...
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
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Bandpass Sampling01:17

Bandpass Sampling

In signal processing, bandpass sampling is an effective technique for sampling signals that have most of their energy concentrated within a narrow frequency band. This type of signal is known as a bandpass signal. The key principle of bandpass sampling involves sampling the signal at a rate that is greater than twice the signal's bandwidth to prevent aliasing.
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Design Example01:23

Design Example

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Increasing the bit rate in OCDMA systems using pulse position modulation techniques.

Vahid R Arbab, Poorya Saghari, Mahta Haghi

    Optics Express
    |June 24, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces Double Pulse Position Modulation (2-PPM) and Differential Pulse Position Modulation (DPPM) for Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems. These techniques enable higher bit rates and support variable quality of service for enhanced network performance.

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    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
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    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

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    Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
    07:45

    Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

    Published on: February 6, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Optical Communications
    • Network Engineering
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Traditional On-Off Keying Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OOK-OCDMA) systems face limitations in bit rate and user capacity.
    • Existing OCDMA systems require efficient modulation techniques to meet increasing bandwidth demands.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally demonstrate novel pulse position modulation techniques for Time-Wavelength OCDMA systems.
    • To evaluate the performance of Double Pulse Position Modulation (2-PPM) and Differential Pulse Position Modulation (DPPM) in terms of bit rate and user capacity.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental demonstration of 2-PPM and DPPM in Time-Wavelength OCDMA systems.
    • Comparative analysis of the proposed techniques against traditional OOK-OCDMA systems.
    • Evaluation of user capacity and bit rate performance for both 2-PPM and DPPM.

    Main Results:

    • Both 2-PPM and DPPM achieve higher bit rates compared to traditional OOK-OCDMA systems within the same bandwidth.
    • 2-PPM supports a greater number of active users than DPPM, with comparable bit rates.
    • The demonstrated techniques offer variable Quality of Service (QoS) capabilities in OCDMA networks.

    Conclusions:

    • 2-PPM and DPPM are effective modulation techniques for enhancing OCDMA system performance.
    • These novel techniques offer a trade-off between user capacity and bit rate, allowing for flexible network design.
    • The variable QoS feature of 2-PPM and DPPM is crucial for diverse OCDMA network applications.