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Related Concept Videos

Boundary Layer Characteristics01:18

Boundary Layer Characteristics

When a fluid encounters a solid surface, a boundary layer forms due to the interaction between the fluid's motion and the stationary surface. This phenomenon is characterized by a thin region adjacent to the surface where viscous forces dominate, influencing the fluid's velocity profile. The development of the boundary layer begins at the leading edge of the surface and evolves as the fluid moves downstream.As the fluid flows over the surface, friction between the fluid and the wall slows down...
Distribution of Molecular Speeds01:27

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions01:16

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
11:03

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Molecular effects on boundary condition in micronanoliquid flows.

Umberto Ulmanella, Chih-Ming Ho

    Physics of Fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994)
    |June 24, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    We studied liquid behavior in tiny channels, finding that liquid slip depends on flow rate, liquid type, and surface smoothness, not channel size. This slip is measurable in channels under 2 micrometers.

    Area of Science:

    • Fluid dynamics
    • Surface science
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Understanding fluid behavior at the micro- and nanoscale is crucial for various applications.
    • The slip-no-slip boundary condition significantly impacts flow characteristics.
    • Previous studies have explored slip phenomena, but experimental data in very small channels remains limited.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To experimentally investigate the molecular origins of the slip-no-slip boundary condition for Newtonian liquids.
    • To quantify slip in micro- and nanochannels down to 350 nm.
    • To determine the factors influencing liquid slip in confined geometries.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental investigation of Newtonian liquid flow.
    • Utilized micro- and nanochannels with dimensions as small as 350 nm.

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    Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid
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    Sub-nanometer Resolution Imaging with Amplitude-modulation Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid

    Published on: December 20, 2016

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    Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

    An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
    11:03

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    Published on: December 4, 2017

    Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
    11:38

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  • Measured liquid slip at the channel-liquid interface.

    • Main Results:

    • Liquid slip was measurable in channels smaller than approximately 2 micrometers.
    • The extent of slip was independent of channel size.
    • Slip is a function of shear rate, liquid molecular structure (polar/nonpolar), and solid surface morphology.

    Conclusions:

    • The slip-no-slip boundary condition is a complex phenomenon influenced by multiple factors.
    • Surface properties and fluid characteristics play a dominant role in slip behavior.
    • Findings provide critical insights into microfluidic and nanofluidic transport.