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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

Ankle Joint

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the neck...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

Which osteotomy for a valgus knee?

Giancarlo Puddu¹, Massimo Cipolla, Guglielmo Cerullo

¹Clinica Valle Giulia, Via De Notaris 2b, 00197 Roma, Italy. giapu@tin.it

International Orthopaedics

|June 24, 2009

Summary

Antivalgus osteotomy corrects knee valgus, easing pain and delaying knee replacement. Distal femoral osteotomy suits larger corrections, while tibial osteotomy is faster for minimal deformities.

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Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

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Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Three-Dimensional Preoperative Virtual Planning in Derotational Proximal Femoral Osteotomy

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomechanics of the knee

Background:

Valgus knee is a common, disabling condition across all age groups.
Antivalgus osteotomy is a preferred surgical intervention for knee valgus correction.
This procedure aims to alleviate pain and postpone the need for total knee replacement.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the efficacy of different osteotomy techniques for correcting knee valgus.
To evaluate the suitability of distal femoral and tibial osteotomies for varying degrees of deformity.

Main Methods:

Review of surgical techniques for antivalgus osteotomy.
Comparison of distal femoral lateral opening wedge osteotomy with medial femoral closing wedge osteotomy.
Assessment of tibial medial closing wedge osteotomy for minimal deformities.

Main Results:

Distal femoral lateral opening wedge osteotomy is effective for medium to large knee valgus corrections, offering precision and ease.
Tibial medial closing wedge osteotomy is a viable option for minimal deformities, characterized by faster healing and shorter recovery.
Both methods serve to correct valgus alignment and manage knee pain.

Conclusions:

Antivalgus osteotomy is a crucial treatment for disabling knee valgus.
The choice of surgical technique (distal femoral vs. tibial osteotomy) depends on the severity of the valgus deformity.
Osteotomy provides a method to manage knee pain and potentially delay knee arthroplasty.