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Erosional consequence of saltcedar control.

Kirk R Vincent1, Jonathan M Friedman, Eleanor R Griffin

  • 1U.S. Geological Survey, WRD, BRR-CR, Boulder, CO 80303, USA. kvincent28@mac.com

Environmental Management
|June 24, 2009
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Removing invasive saltcedar and native sandbar willow with herbicides increased riverbank erosion significantly. This highlights the critical role of riparian vegetation in maintaining riverbank stability and preventing sediment loss.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Riparian vegetation removal aims to conserve water and improve native habitats.
  • Widespread control of dominant plant species can inadvertently cause erosion.
  • Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) is an invasive species, while sandbar willow (Salix exigua) is native.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of riparian vegetation removal on riverbank stability.
  • To quantify erosion following herbicide application in the Rio Puerco, New Mexico.
  • To understand the role of vegetation in mitigating fluvial erosion.

Main Methods:

  • A helicopter herbicide application in 2003 eliminated saltcedar and sandbar willow along a 12-km river reach.
  • Monitoring of erosion and sediment transport following a major flood in 2006.
  • Comparison of erosion rates in the treated reach versus adjacent untreated areas.

Main Results:

  • The treated reach experienced significant bank erosion (680,000 m³), increasing channel width by 84% after a 2006 flood.
  • Erosion was concentrated on channel banks, not the floodplain, due to the loss of woody stems.
  • Eroded sediment was transported downstream and deposited on the channel bed and floodplain.
  • Minimal erosion occurred in upstream and downstream control reaches.

Conclusions:

  • The removal of riparian vegetation, particularly dense woody stems on banks, significantly reduces bank stability.
  • Reduced vegetation cover increases shear stress, leading to bank undercutting and mass failure.
  • Potential for increased erosion must be a key consideration in phreatophyte control projects.