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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...

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The Multiple Sclerosis Performance Test (MSPT): An iPad-Based Disability Assessment Tool
11:35

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Published on: June 30, 2014

Sustained-release fampridine for multiple sclerosis.

Christopher T Bever1, Susan Iv Judge

  • 1University of Maryland Hospital, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, Maryland, [corrected] USA. cbever@umaryland.edu

Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs
|June 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fampridine SR, a slow-release formulation, effectively improves walking speed and leg strength in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This new formulation aims to enhance neurological function while minimizing side effects associated with fampridine treatment.

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A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Published on: December 26, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic central nervous system disease characterized by demyelination and axonal loss, leading to neurological impairment.
  • Demyelination disrupts nerve signal conduction, causing functional deficits in MS patients.
  • Fampridine (4-aminopyridine) is a potassium channel blocker that can improve nerve conduction but carries risks of seizures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel slow-release (SR) fampridine formulation in patients with multiple sclerosis.
  • To determine if fampridine SR improves ambulation and neurological function in MS patients.
  • To assess the pharmacokinetic profile of fampridine SR in relation to efficacy and side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Two Phase III clinical studies were conducted to assess fampridine SR treatment in MS patients.
  • Efficacy was measured by improvements in leg strength and walking speed.
  • Safety and side effects were monitored throughout the studies.

Main Results:

  • Fampridine SR treatment demonstrated significant improvements in leg strength and walking speed in MS patients.
  • The slow-release formulation was developed to reduce peak serum levels and associated side effects like seizures.
  • A new drug application for fampridine SR has been submitted to the US FDA based on positive Phase III results.

Conclusions:

  • Fampridine SR is an effective treatment for improving ambulation in multiple sclerosis patients.
  • The SR formulation offers a potentially safer way to administer fampridine, balancing efficacy with reduced side effects.
  • Positive clinical trial results support the use of fampridine SR for managing MS-related mobility issues.