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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

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Sarcocystis sp. encephalomyelitis in a cat.

Tricia M Bisby¹, Patricia J Holman, George A Pitoc

¹Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. tbisby@purdue.edu

Veterinary Clinical Pathology

|June 25, 2009

Summary

This study reports the first antemortem diagnosis and survival of a domestic cat with Sarcocystis sp. encephalomyelitis, highlighting its potential as a cause of feline central nervous system disease.

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Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

Veterinary Neurology
Parasitology
Feline Medicine

Background:

Central nervous system (CNS) disease in cats can present with varied clinical signs, including spinal pain, ataxia, and anisocoria.
Protozoal infections are a significant differential diagnosis for inflammatory CNS disease in felines.
Sarcocystis species are known causes of neurological disease in various animal species.

Observation:

A 5-month-old domestic shorthair cat presented with neurological deficits suggestive of diffuse or multifocal CNS disease.
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed neutrophilic pleocytosis and intracellular protozoal merozoites.
Serological testing was positive for Sarcocystis sp. antibodies and negative for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies.

Findings:

Morphological and molecular analysis (ITS1 rRNA sequencing) identified the protozoal organism as likely Sarcocystis neurona or Sarcocystis dasypi.
The cat experienced complete clinical recovery after treatment with three distinct antiprotozoal drug protocols.
This case represents the first documented instance of antemortem diagnosis and successful treatment of Sarcocystis sp.-associated encephalomyelitis in a domestic cat.

Implications:

Sarcocystis sp. should be considered in the differential diagnosis of feline inflammatory CNS disease, particularly when neutrophilic pleocytosis is present.
Antemortem diagnosis and successful treatment of Sarcocystis sp. encephalomyelitis in cats are achievable.
This finding expands the understanding of Sarcocystis-associated neurological disease in companion animals.