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Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...
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Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:26

Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
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Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
Venous Return01:04

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The circulatory system plays a crucial role in ensuring the optimal functioning of the human body. One of its critical components is venous return - the process that completes the blood circulation cycle. This article will delve into the concept of venous return, how it works, and its significance to our health.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Rodent Inferior Vena Cava Venoplasty Balloon Model
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Vena caval filters: current knowledge, uncertainties and practical approaches.

Sarah Ingber1, William H Geerts

  • 1Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Current Opinion in Hematology
|June 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are rarely indicated for venous thromboembolism, despite increased use. Retrievable filters are recommended when necessary, with anticoagulation initiated post-placement and filter removal soon after.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Inferior vena cava (IVC) interruption has been a strategy for preventing pulmonary embolism since the 1940s.
  • Despite increased use of IVC filters for venous thromboembolism (VTE), evidence supporting current practices is limited.
  • This review addresses controversies and offers a practical approach to IVC filter utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current controversies surrounding IVC filter use.
  • To provide a practical approach to the clinical application of IVC filters.
  • To evaluate the evidence base for IVC filter indications in VTE management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on IVC filter use in VTE.
  • Analysis of current practice guidelines and clinical evidence.
  • Discussion of controversies and evidence-based recommendations.

Main Results:

  • IVC filters are recommended for patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis and contraindications to anticoagulation.
  • Primary thromboprophylaxis with IVC filters is not recommended, even in high-risk patients.
  • IVC filters are associated with an increased risk of recurrent deep vein thrombosis and have a limited role in cancer patients with VTE.

Conclusions:

  • IVC filters are indicated in a small subset of patients with VTE.
  • Retrievable IVC filters are preferred when indicated.
  • Anticoagulation should be initiated post-filter placement when safe, followed by timely filter removal.