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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Published on: March 24, 2019

Second-harmonic parametric scattering in ferroelectric crystals with disordered nonlinear domain structures.

Jose Trull, Crina Cojocaru, Robert Fischer

    Optics Express
    |June 25, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We investigated second-harmonic generation in disordered Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN) crystals. Our findings reveal key ratios of nonlinear susceptibility components and statistical properties of the domain structure.

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    Optimized Setup and Protocol for Magnetic Domain Imaging with In Situ Hysteresis Measurement

    Published on: November 7, 2017

    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Materials Science
    • Crystallography

    Background:

    • Strontium Barium Niobate (SBN) crystals exhibit ferroelectric domain structures.
    • Disordered domain structures in SBN enable simultaneous phase matching for multiple nonlinear optical processes.
    • Understanding these processes is crucial for advanced optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate second-harmonic (SH) parametric processes in unpoled SBN crystals with disordered ferroelectric domains.
    • To analyze the polarization properties of SH generation using quasi-collinear and transverse schemes.
    • To determine the ratio of d(32) and d(33) nonlinear susceptibility components and statistical properties of the SBN domain structure.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental study of second-harmonic generation.
    • Utilizing quasi-collinear SH generation.
    • Employing transverse SH generation schemes.
    • Analysis of polarization properties.

    Main Results:

    • Simultaneous phase matching of several second-order nonlinear processes was observed.
    • The ratio of d(32) and d(33) nonlinear susceptibility components was determined.
    • Statistical properties of the disordered ferroelectric domain structure were characterized.

    Conclusions:

    • Disordered SBN crystals are suitable for simultaneous phase-matched nonlinear optical processes.
    • The study provides valuable insights into the nonlinear optical properties and structural characteristics of SBN.
    • Results contribute to the understanding and application of ferroelectric crystals in optics.