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Related Concept Videos

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis01:21

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...

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Multiple isotopic labels for quantitative mass spectrometry.

Cain Morano1, Xin Zhang, Lloyd D Fricker

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|June 25, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New 4-trimethylammoniumbutyryl (TMAB) isotopic labels were synthesized for quantitative mass spectrometry. These new tags enable more comprehensive multivariate proteomics and peptidomics analyses using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Quantitative mass spectrometry frequently utilizes isotopically labeled samples for accurate measurements.
  • 4-trimethylammoniumbutyryl (TMAB) labels offer advantages for isotopic tagging, but only two forms were previously available.
  • Limited isotopic variants restricted the scope of multivariate analysis in mass spectrometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize two new deuterium-containing 4-trimethylammoniumbutyryl (TMAB) isotopic labels.
  • To expand the utility of TMAB labels for enhanced multivariate quantitative proteomics and peptidomics.
  • To provide accessible synthetic protocols and data analysis guidelines for broader adoption.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of two novel TMAB isotopic reagents with three and six deuterium atoms.
  • Testing the performance of new TMAB reagents in reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry.
  • Detailed description of synthetic procedures for biochemists and data interpretation for tandem mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Two additional TMAB isotopic tags (3 and 6 deuterium) were successfully synthesized and validated.
  • The new TMAB reagents exhibit identical chromatographic behavior to existing tags, eluting together.
  • Four TMAB isotopic tags now permit multivariate analysis within a single LC/MS run, with 3 Da mass differences per tag.

Conclusions:

  • The expanded set of four TMAB isotopic reagents enhances capabilities for complex quantitative proteomics and peptidomics.
  • Simplified synthesis and analysis protocols facilitate wider application of TMAB labeling.
  • These advancements enable more powerful multivariate analyses in biological sample characterization.