Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the ortho, meta, and para...
Directional Derivatives01:26

Directional Derivatives

In multivariable calculus, partial derivatives describe how a function changes when movement is restricted to a single coordinate direction. For a surface represented by a function of two variables, one partial derivative measures the slope in the x-direction, while the other measures the slope in the y-direction. Although these quantities are useful for analyzing local behavior, most physical motion does not occur strictly parallel to the coordinate axes. Applications such as fluid flow, heat...
Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups01:14

Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups

Ortho–para directors are substituent groups attached to the benzene ring and direct the addition of an electrophile to the positions ortho or para to the substituent. All electron-donating groups are considered ortho–para directors. They donate electrons to the ring and make the ring more electron-rich. The ring is therefore susceptible to the addition of electrophiles. Substituents such as amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy, containing lone pairs on the atom adjacent to the ring, donate electrons...
Maximizing the Directional Derivative01:25

Maximizing the Directional Derivative

The directional derivative is a central concept in multivariable calculus that describes how a function changes at a given point when moving in a specified direction. This direction is represented by a unit vector, ensuring that only the orientation influences the rate of change. By varying the direction, different rates of change can be observed, demonstrating that the directional derivative depends strongly on the chosen direction.The directional derivative is computed using the gradient...
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens01:24

ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

Halogens are ortho–para directors. They are more electronegative than carbon. Therefore, as ring substituents, they can withdraw electrons through the inductive effect and deactivate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. Halogens also have an electron-donating resonance effect on the ring, which influences the orientation of the incoming electrophile. If an electrophile attacks at the ortho or the para position, the halogen donates electrons and stabilizes the intermediate...
Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to the body's upright...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reorganisations and targets have left us all demoralised.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2017
Same author

Nurses are not part of the 'medical profession'.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2017
Same author

Safeguarding quality in health care: what does it mean?

British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)·2012
Same author

Night moves.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2007
Same journal

Effect of artificial intelligence on nursing documentation and patient safety.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Strategies for responding to anger from patients, relatives and carers.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Nurses' role in detecting early and subtle signs of patient deterioration in acute hospitals.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Pulse oximetry: exploring its role, limitations and challenges in clinical practice.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Anorexia nervosa: identification and management by non-specialist nurses.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
Same journal

Skin and soft tissue abscesses: assessment and management.

Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe
09:34

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

What the directive will mean.

Gerry Bolger1, Annabel Morris

  • 1Hospital at Night and EWTD, London Deanery/NHS.

Nursing Standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)
|June 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Despite the European Working Time Directive (EWTD) being law for over a decade, some UK nurses voluntarily work extended hours. This study explores the reasons behind nurses choosing to exceed standard working hours.

More Related Videos

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep
09:23

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep

Published on: December 5, 2025

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe
09:34

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS) for the Real-driving Emissions (RDE) Regulation in Europe

Published on: December 4, 2016

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep
09:23

High-Definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation During Sleep

Published on: December 5, 2025

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
06:35

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Healthcare Policy
  • Nursing Practice
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • The European Working Time Directive (EWTD) implemented regulations on working hours across member states.
  • Despite legal frameworks, adherence and voluntary opt-outs in nursing professions warrant investigation.
  • Understanding long working hours in nursing is crucial for staff well-being and patient safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of nurses in the UK continuing to work long hours.
  • To identify the factors influencing nurses' decisions to voluntarily exceed standard working hours.
  • To analyze the implications of these working practices on nurses and healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative research approach utilizing semi-structured interviews.
  • Exploration of nurses' personal and professional motivations for working extended hours.
  • Analysis of contextual factors within the UK healthcare system.

Main Results:

  • Nurses reported various motivations including professional commitment, financial incentives, and perceived necessity.
  • Some nurses felt that working longer hours was essential to provide adequate patient care.
  • Workplace culture and staffing levels were identified as significant contributing factors.

Conclusions:

  • The EWTD's impact on nursing hours is complex, with voluntary long hours persisting.
  • Addressing nurses' motivations and systemic issues is key to managing working hours effectively.
  • Further research is needed to balance regulatory compliance with the realities of nursing practice.