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Related Concept Videos

Equity Theory01:26

Equity Theory

Equity theory explains how our sense of fairness influences the dynamics of close relationships. Rooted in social psychology, the theory posits that individuals evaluate fairness by comparing the ratio of their contributions to the rewards they receive. Relationship satisfaction is highest when these ratios are perceived as balanced between partners, promoting mutual reciprocity and a sense of justice.Equity vs. Equality in RelationshipsEquity is distinct from equality. Fairness does not...
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In- and Out-Groups

People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
Self-Discrepancy Theory02:45

Self-Discrepancy Theory

One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
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First Impression

First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
Social Proof00:52

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Social proof is a form of persuasion based on comparison and conformity. People compare their behavior and actions to what others are doing and will change to conform to do what their peers do.

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The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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How primates (including us!) respond to inequity.

Sarah F Brosnan1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research
|June 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Nonhuman primates, like chimpanzees and monkeys, react negatively to inequitable treatment, similar to humans. However, their responses suggest a lack of human-like fairness, offering evolutionary insights into social preferences.

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative psychology
  • Evolutionary anthropology
  • Behavioral economics

Background:

  • Human social preferences and responses to inequity are complex.
  • Understanding the evolutionary roots of these behaviors is crucial for a complete picture.
  • Primate research offers valuable comparative data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary underpinnings of human social preferences.
  • To compare primate and human responses to inequitable treatment.
  • To elucidate the origins of fairness and equity concerns.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of economic game studies.
  • Examining results from chimpanzees and capuchin monkeys.
  • Contrasting primate data with human economic game findings (e.g., Ultimatum Game).

Main Results:

  • Nonhuman primates frequently refuse interactions when treated inequitably.
  • Primate reactions to inequity differ from human concepts of fairness.
  • Primates do not alter behavior when they are the beneficiaries or when a partner's gain is involved.

Conclusions:

  • Negative reactions to inequity are not exclusively human.
  • Comparative primate studies enhance understanding of human social responses.
  • Insights into primate inequity responses can inform human healthcare disparity discussions.