Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Tetanus01:29

Tetanus

Tetanus is a life-threatening neurological disorder characterized by persistent muscle contractions and spastic paralysis. It is caused by Clostridium tetani, a motile, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobe. These bacteria produce terminal endospores, giving them a distinctive “lollipop” or “tennis-racket” appearance. They thrive in anaerobic environments, such as those found in deep puncture wounds.Once introduced into the body, the spores germinate into vegetative cells. These cells...
Seizures ll: Types01:19

Seizures ll: Types

Seizures are sudden bursts of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that interfere with normal function. They are commonly divided into three groups: focal seizures, generalized seizures, and other types that do not fit neatly into either category.Focal SeizuresFocal seizures begin in a single brain region. When awareness is preserved, they are called focal aware seizures and may cause sensations such as tingling, unusual smells, or flashing lights. When awareness is impaired, they are...
Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects01:21

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Adverse Effects

Skeletal muscle relaxants are widely used for muscle paralysis and relieving pain following any muscle injury or stiffness. However, depending on the drug type, they can have adverse effects that range from mild to severe. Usually, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers have minimal side effects. For example, drugs like d-tubocurarine, cisatracurium, and rocuronium cause hypotension, whereas drugs like baclofen, when stopped abruptly, can lead to the recurrence of spastic conditions.
Unlike...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Probabilistic mapping of tremor control and gait ataxia risk in deep brain stimulation.

Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)·2026
Same author

Copy Number Variant Duplications Associated with Essential Tremor.

Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Epidemiology and Economic Burden of Sleep Disorders in Europe.

European journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Diagnostic significance of rhythmicity in postural hand tremor.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Read My Leads: Subject-Specific RF Hazard Assessment and Mitigation for DBS Implants in MRI.

Magnetic resonance in medicine·2025
Same author

Focused ultrasound pallidothalamic tractotomy for Parkinson's disease: the field is moving fast.

The Lancet. Neurology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Tremor.

Jan Raethjen1, Günther Deuschl

  • 1Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|June 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential tremor research explores its genetic links, such as the LINGO1 gene, and potential treatments like topiramate. New therapeutic targets beyond the basal ganglia are being investigated for tremor suppression.

More Related Videos

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor
05:54

MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy for Patients with Medically-refractory Essential Tremor

Published on: December 13, 2017

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale
07:35

Behavioral Characterization of Pentylenetetrazole-induced Seizures: Moving Beyond the Racine Scale

Published on: July 8, 2025

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle
10:41

Method to Measure Tone of Axial and Proximal Muscle

Published on: December 14, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Tremor research focuses on understanding the underlying pathophysiological, molecular, and genetic mechanisms of oscillatory activity.
  • Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder with complex origins, potentially involving cortical and subcortical networks.
  • Recent studies suggest a link between ET and Parkinson's disease, alongside subtle cerebellar changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of tremor generation and associated pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • To highlight recent findings in essential tremor, including genetic associations and treatment advancements.
  • To discuss emerging concepts regarding the central origin of tremors and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent epidemiological and genetic studies on tremor.
  • Analysis of clinical findings and treatment outcomes for essential tremor.
  • Exploration of neuroimaging and neurophysiological data related to tremor generation.

Main Results:

  • A dynamic network of cortical and subcortical oscillators is implicated in tremor generation.
  • The LINGO1 gene has been associated with an increased risk for essential tremor.
  • Topiramate is an established second-line treatment, and deep brain stimulation targeting specific thalamic regions shows effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging concepts point to central tremor origins, stimulating the search for novel therapeutic targets, potentially in the cortex.
  • The role of structural neurodegenerative changes in essential tremor requires further investigation.
  • Future research should focus on specific patient subgroups to elucidate disease mechanisms and optimize treatments.