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Related Concept Videos

Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.
Action Potential01:14

Action Potential

Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
Membrane potential in neurons
Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
Anaphase Promoting Complex00:50

Anaphase Promoting Complex

The stepwise destruction of specific proteins is necessary for the progression and completion of the cell cycle. Such proteins are ubiquitinated by ubiquitin ligases and then subsequently destroyed by the proteasome. The SCF (Skp1/Cullin/F-box) and the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) are two important ubiquitin ligases involved in cell cycle progression. While SCF is active throughout the cell cycle, APC gets activated during metaphase to anaphase transition. Cdc20 or Cdh1 binds to APC and...
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

[Cyclers for APD: current potential and possible developments].

R Corciulo1, R Russo

  • 1Divisione di Nefrologia, Dialisi e Trapianto B e R, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Policlinico, Bari, Italy. crrb13np@uniba.it

Giornale Italiano Di Nefrologia : Organo Ufficiale Della Societa Italiana Di Nefrologia
|June 26, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) relies on advanced cycler devices for successful treatment. Future innovations aim to enhance patient monitoring and personalize dialysis solutions for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Context:

  • Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) use is increasing globally.
  • APD success depends on sophisticated mechanical cycler devices.
  • Current Italian APD cyclers include Baxter Home Choice Pro, Fresenius Sleep Safe, and Gambro Serena.

Purpose:

  • To review the current state and future directions of APD cycler technology.
  • To highlight advancements in user interface, miniaturization, and remote monitoring.
  • To discuss potential future improvements for enhanced dialysis efficacy and patient safety.

Summary:

  • Modern APD cyclers feature user-friendly interfaces, sophisticated software, and compact designs.
  • Features like patient cards and teledialysis enable continuous patient monitoring and treatment compliance.
  • Future cyclers may incorporate biosensors for real-time dialysis dose assessment and peritonitis detection.

Impact:

  • Technological advancements in APD cyclers improve treatment flexibility and patient convenience.
  • Future developments like biosensors and continuous-flow systems promise optimized dialysis and early complication detection.
  • Personalized dialysis solutions could improve patient outcomes and reduce peritoneal membrane exposure to high glucose concentrations.