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Related Concept Videos

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation01:31

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding II: Palpation and Auscultation

In assessing respiratory abnormalities, palpation and auscultation are critical tools for detecting and interpreting various pathophysiological changes. These techniques provide insight into underlying disorders by evaluating tactile sensations and sounds produced by the respiratory system.
Palpation Findings
During a respiratory assessment, palpation can reveal several vital abnormalities:
Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation01:28

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract IV: Auscultation

Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
Breath Sounds
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Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles01:30

Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles

A thorough assessment of respiratory health is paramount in clinical settings to identify and manage respiratory distress and ensure adequate oxygenation. This article elaborates on the critical aspects of respiratory evaluation, including airway assessment, skin color examination, and the observation of accessory muscle use, which are integral to effectively diagnosing and managing patients with respiratory conditions.
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway01:25

Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway

In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...

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Differentiating between adductor and abductor spasmodic dysphonia using airflow interruption.

Matthew R Hoffman1, Jack J Jiang, Adam L Rieves

  • 1Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

The Laryngoscope
|June 26, 2009
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Summary

Laryngeal resistance measurements can differentiate between adductor (ADSD) and abductor (ABSD) spasmodic dysphonia. This objective test offers a quantitative method for assessing laryngeal function in spasmodic dysphonia patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Laryngology
  • Speech and Hearing Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a voice disorder characterized by involuntary spasms of the vocal folds.
  • Adductor (ADSD) and abductor (ABSD) subtypes present with distinct vocal fold behaviors.
  • Objective measures are needed to differentiate between SD subtypes and assess laryngeal function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure laryngeal resistance (R(L)), subglottal pressure (P(s)), and mean flow rate (MFR) in ADSD and ABSD patients.
  • To evaluate the utility of the airflow interrupter device for differentiating SD subtypes.

Main Methods:

  • Laryngeal resistance (R(L)) was measured noninvasively using an airflow interrupter in 7 ADSD and 6 ABSD patients.
  • Subjects sustained /a/ at two intensity levels, with phonation interrupted for 500 ms.
  • R(L) was calculated as P(s) divided by airflow.

Main Results:

  • Mean R(L) was significantly higher in ADSD compared to ABSD at both 65 dB (24.78 vs. 14.51 cmH(2)O/L/s, P=.04) and 70 dB (40.02 vs. 15.84 cmH(2)O/L/s, P=.014).
  • No significant differences were found in P(s) or MFR between ADSD and ABSD groups at either intensity level.
  • These findings suggest R(L) is a key differentiator between ADSD and ABSD.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive R(L) measurement using the airflow interrupter can effectively differentiate between ADSD and ABSD.
  • This simple, quantitative test may aid in evaluating laryngeal function in spasmodic dysphonia.
  • Further research can explore its clinical application in diagnosis and management.