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Vaccinations

Vaccinations

Vaccines

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...

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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty

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Vaccines for older adults.

Sum Lam¹, Tomas Z Jodlowski

¹St. John's University College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Department of Clinical Pharmcy Practice, Queens, New York 11439, USA. Lams1@stjohns.edu

The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists

|June 27, 2009

Summary

Senior pharmacists should stay updated on adult vaccination guidelines. Key vaccines for older adults include influenza, pneumococcal, zoster, and tetanus boosters for optimal health.

Area of Science:

Geriatrics
Immunology
Public Health

Background:

Older adults (65+) are at increased risk for vaccine-preventable diseases.
Current vaccination recommendations are crucial for preventing serious infections in this demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide senior care pharmacists with updated recommendations for key vaccines in older adults.
Focus on influenza, pneumococcal, zoster, and tetanus vaccines.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature search of immunization guidelines and databases (MEDLINE, PubMed).
Inclusion of data from reputable sources like the Immunization Action Coalition and CDC.
Evaluation of relevant English language articles.

Main Results:

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Influenza vaccine recommended for high-risk individuals, adults 50+, and those with comorbidities.
Pneumococcal vaccine recommended for all 65+ and those with specific medical conditions; revaccination advised.
Zoster vaccine recommended for all 60+; tetanus booster every 10 years for adults.
Vaccine coverage details under Medicare Part B and Part D provided.

Conclusions:

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices provides detailed guidelines for preventing influenza, pneumococcal disease, zoster, and tetanus.
These recommendations are vital for targeted prevention strategies in older adults.