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Related Concept Videos

Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT01:25

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System VI: Calcium -Scoring CT

Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. This test assesses the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), which can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina, heart failure, and sudden cardiac arrest.A calcium-scoring CT scan is generally recommended for individuals at intermediate risk of CAD without symptoms. It includes:Men aged 40-75 and women aged 50-75: Especially those with a...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray01:20

Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System III: X-Ray

The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
Definition and Purpose
An X-ray, or radiograph, is a non-invasive method that uses ionizing radiation to take images of internal structures. It is mainly used in cardiac imaging to examine the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels, aiming to identify abnormalities in the heart's size, shape, and position, such as heart failure, congenital defects, and vascular...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro
05:47

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

Published on: May 10, 2021

Physiological variables involved in heart valve substitute calcification.

Chi H Lee1

  • 1University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. Leech@umkc.edu

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
|June 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pathological calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) is influenced by physiological factors. This review details these variables and their role in BHV calcification and clinical outcomes.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro
05:47

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro

Published on: May 10, 2021

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling
07:31

Isolation of Human Primary Valve Cells for In vitro Disease Modeling

Published on: April 16, 2021

Isolation and Characterization of Primary Rat Valve Interstitial Cells: A New Model to Study Aortic Valve Calcification
08:55

Isolation and Characterization of Primary Rat Valve Interstitial Cells: A New Model to Study Aortic Valve Calcification

Published on: November 20, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Pathological calcification is a major complication of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV).
  • Understanding the regulatory mechanisms is crucial for improving BHV longevity and patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the physiological variables that regulate pathological calcification in BHV.
  • To elucidate the systemic cellular behavior and physiological regulation processes underlying BHV calcification.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of biochemical, histological, and genetic studies.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
  • Synthesis of data on physiological variables impacting BHV calcification.

Main Results:

  • Identified key physiological variables implicated in BHV calcification.
  • Detailed the complex interplay of cellular and systemic factors.
  • Highlighted the clinical relevance of these findings.

Conclusions:

  • Physiological variables significantly influence BHV calcification.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can lead to improved BHV design and clinical strategies.
  • Understanding these processes is vital for advancing cardiovascular device technology.