Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
09:51

Development and Functional Characterization of Murine Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

Published on: May 18, 2018

TLR5 ligation by flagellin converts tolerogenic dendritic cells into activating antigen-presenting cells that

Ildelfonso Vicente-Suarez1, Jason Brayer, Alejandro Villagra

  • 1Division of Immunology and Division of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.

Immunology Letters
|June 27, 2009
PubMed

Dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated in the presence of IL-10 preferentially induce regulatory T-cells and tolerance. Whether the tolerogenic properties displayed by these DCs (Tol-DCs) can be overcome has not been fully explored. Here we show for the first time that Tol-DCs express higher levels of TLR5 mRNA, but not TLR4 or TLR9 mRNA relative to DCs differentiated with GM-CSF and IL-4 (BM-DCs). In response to flagellin, a natural TLR-5 ligand, Tol-DCs produced IL-12 but not IL-10. Unlike Tol-DCs stimulated with LPS, which produce high levels of IL-10 and fail to generate a cognate inflammatory response in CD4(+) T-cells, flagellin-stimulated Tol-DCs promoted the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells with a T-helper 1 phenotype. The divergent T-cell outcomes induced by Tol-DCs in response to different TLR-ligands highlights not only their plasticity, but also points to TLR5 ligation as a potential strategy to overcome tolerance in environments that are otherwise conducive to immune unresponsiveness.

More Related Videos

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes11:34

A Simple and Efficient Method for Testing Immunomodulatory Agents for Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells from Human CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: April 11, 2025

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...