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Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats
07:38

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Published on: May 27, 2021

Tourette syndrome.

Joohi Jimenez-Shahed1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Plummer Movement Disorders Center, Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, TX 76508, USA. jjimenezshahed@swmail.sw.org

Neurologic Clinics
|June 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tourette syndrome (TS), a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, often includes psychiatric issues. Early diagnosis and treatment improve psychosocial function, though many symptoms resolve by adulthood.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychiatry
  • Developmental Disorders

Background:

  • Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder originating in childhood.
  • It is frequently comorbid with various psychiatric conditions, impacting overall health.
  • Effective management is crucial for psychosocial well-being and long-term prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and management in Tourette syndrome.
  • To discuss the impact of comorbidities on disability and prognosis.
  • To address management strategies for persistent adult TS symptoms and emerging therapies.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract synthesizes current understanding of Tourette syndrome's clinical course and management.
  • It reviews the impact of associated psychiatric morbidities.
  • It considers therapeutic approaches for both childhood and adult presentations.

Main Results:

  • Most children with Tourette syndrome experience symptom improvement or resolution by adulthood.
  • Psychiatric comorbidities can significantly influence disability and prognosis.
  • Dopamine receptor blocking drugs remain a primary treatment, with new options developing.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and management of Tourette syndrome are vital for psychosocial outcomes.
  • Associated morbidities require careful consideration in treatment planning and prognosis.
  • While traditional therapies persist, novel treatments for Tourette syndrome are emerging.