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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Pigmentation

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Abnormal Proliferation

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis

A Robust Discovery Platform for the Identification of Novel Mediators of Melanoma Metastasis

Published on: March 8, 2022

Epigenetics in human melanoma.

Paul M Howell¹, Suhu Liu, Suping Ren

¹Basic and Translational Research Department, University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, Alabama, USA.

Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center

|June 27, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications play a key role in human melanoma gene regulation. Understanding these changes is crucial for developing new cancer therapies targeting epigenetic alterations.

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Oncology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Advanced genomic technologies enable detailed examination of gene expression in cancer.
Epigenetic modifications are increasingly recognized as critical regulators of cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of epigenetic modifications in human melanoma.
To elucidate the relationship between melanoma epigenetics and tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on histone deacetylation, DNA methylation, and microRNA in melanoma.
Analysis of the clinical application of pharmacologic agents targeting epigenetic mechanisms.

Main Results:

Epigenetic alterations are integral to melanoma gene regulation and expression.
Emerging agents targeting epigenetic mechanisms show varied effects on melanoma metastasis.

Conclusions:

Epigenetic mechanisms are central to human melanoma, influencing oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Future therapeutics will likely target and modify these epigenetic changes for cancer treatment.