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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in situations...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

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Published on: June 12, 2020

Adult ADHD and comorbid depression: A consensus-derived diagnostic algorithm for ADHD.

Diane McIntosh1, Stan Kutcher, Carin Binder

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. drdianemcintosh@gmail.com

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
|June 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Adults with depression may have undiagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This guide offers a diagnostic algorithm and treatment suggestions for co-occurring ADHD and major depressive disorder (MDD).

Keywords:
ADHDadultdepressiondiagnosissubstance use disordertreatment

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Mood Disorders

Background:

  • Depression is a common presenting symptom, but can mask other conditions.
  • Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is frequently missed in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).
  • Co-occurring conditions like anxiety, substance use, and bipolar disorder can complicate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present diagnostic criteria and treatment recommendations for adult ADHD.
  • To address the challenge of diagnosing ADHD in patients with depressive symptoms or MDD.
  • To provide guidance on managing comorbid conditions alongside adult ADHD and MDD.

Main Methods:

  • A panel of expert psychiatrists convened to review the literature.
  • Literature search focused on diagnosis and treatment of co-occurring conditions with adult ADHD.
  • Development of a diagnostic algorithm and treatment recommendations based on expertise and evidence.

Main Results:

  • Limited existing information for diagnosing co-occurring ADHD and MDD.
  • A three-step screening and diagnostic process for adult ADHD was developed.
  • Discussion includes comorbid MDD, bipolar disorder, anxiety, substance use, and cardiovascular risks of stimulants.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians need a clinically relevant overview of comorbid ADHD and depression.
  • The article provides a useful diagnostic algorithm for adult ADHD with comorbid MDD.
  • Treatment suggestions are offered for managing these co-occurring conditions.