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Updated: Aug 13, 2026

Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling
Published on: August 3, 2018
Transforming growth factor-beta: an important mediator of immunoregulation
1Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Abstract:
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is synthesized and secreted by a wide variety of cells, including cells of the immune system. Lymphocytes and monocytes possess high affinity TGF-beta receptors and the addition of TGF-beta to in vitro cell cultures results in significant modulation of immune function. TGF-beta inhibits the proliferation of thymocytes, T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. Additionally, it inhibits certain differentiative functions of lymphocytes including a marked inhibition of immunoglobulin production by human B lymphocytes. TGF-beta has dichotomous actions on monocytes. It is a potent chemoattractant for monocytes and induces interleukin 1 mRNA expression while inhibiting generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and monocyte killing. Evidence is accumulating that TGF-beta regulates immune function in vivo and that overproduction of TGF-beta may be associated with immunosuppression.
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