Muscles for Facial Expressions
Cranial Nerves: Types Part I
Botulism
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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Gustavo M Torres1, Alano N Barcellos, Marco A R Santos
1Servicio de ORL, Hospital Socor, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
Simultaneous bilateral facial palsy (SBFP) is rare and often indicates an underlying systemic condition, not just Bell's Palsy. This case highlights the importance of investigating systemic causes for this uncommon disorder.
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