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Related Concept Videos

Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...

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Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
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Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes

Published on: December 19, 2020

Recent advances in carbohydrate-based vaccines.

Marie-Lyn Hecht1, Pierre Stallforth, Daniel Varón Silva

  • 1Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|June 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic carbohydrate-protein conjugates are emerging as promising vaccine candidates. Advances in chemical synthesis and conjugation methods are driving the development of novel carbohydrate-based vaccines against human diseases.

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Homogeneous Glycoconjugate Produced by Combined Unnatural Amino Acid Incorporation and Click-Chemistry for Vaccine Purposes
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Published on: May 6, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate chemistry
  • Immunology
  • Vaccine development

Background:

  • Vaccinations are crucial for combating infectious diseases.
  • Carbohydrates from biological sources are used in vaccines.
  • Synthetic carbohydrate-protein conjugates show promise as vaccine candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the progress in synthetic carbohydrate-based vaccine development.
  • To emphasize the role of chemical synthesis and conjugation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides.
  • Development of conjugation strategies.
  • Evaluation of immunogenicity of carbohydrate-protein conjugates.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic immunogenic carbohydrate-protein conjugates have advanced to vaccine candidates.
  • Progress in chemical synthesis and conjugation has spurred novel vaccine development.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic carbohydrate-protein conjugates represent a promising new avenue for vaccine development.
  • Continued advancements in synthesis and conjugation are key to realizing their potential.