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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I, duplicated...
Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3 variants are also...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

A histone code for regulating V(D)J recombination.

Mark S Schlissel1, Danae Schulz, Christian Vettermann

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. mss@berkeley.edu

Molecular Cell
|June 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The RAG2 protein interacts with methylated histones, potentially regulating V(D)J recombination. This interaction enhances the DNA binding and enzymatic activity of the V(D)J recombinase, a key process in adaptive immunity.

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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
10:28

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

Published on: September 20, 2018

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
11:40

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • V(D)J recombination is a crucial process for generating diverse antigen receptors in adaptive immunity.
  • The RAG1/RAG2 complex is the core enzymatic machinery responsible for initiating V(D)J recombination.
  • Histone modifications are known epigenetic regulators of gene expression and chromatin structure.

Discussion:

  • Shimazaki et al. (2009) propose a novel regulatory mechanism for V(D)J recombination involving epigenetic modifications.
  • The study highlights a direct link between histone methylation and the function of the V(D)J recombinase.
  • This interaction suggests that epigenetic states can influence the efficiency and fidelity of immune receptor gene assembly.

Key Insights:

  • RAG2 directly interacts with methylated histone proteins.
  • This interaction enhances the DNA-binding affinity of the RAG complex.
  • The enzymatic activity of the V(D)J recombinase is boosted by RAG2-methylated histone association.

Outlook:

  • Further investigation into the specific histone marks and methyltransferases involved is warranted.
  • Understanding this interaction could lead to therapeutic strategies for immune disorders.
  • Exploring similar epigenetic regulation in other DNA recombination processes may reveal conserved mechanisms.