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Updated: Jun 22, 2026
Early Weight-Bearing Rehabilitation Protocol After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Published on: March 1, 2024
The effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction on stride-to-stride variability
Constantina O Moraiti1, Nicholas Stergiou, Stavros Ristanis
1Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Center of Ioannina, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Purpose:
The purpose of our study was to investigate the functional outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and quadrupled semitendinosus and gracilis tendon (ST/G) autografts by evaluating stride-to-stride variability.
Methods:
Six patients with BPTB and 6 patients with STG ACL reconstruction, 2 years postoperatively, and 6 healthy control subjects walked on a treadmill at a self-selected pace while 2 minutes of continuous kinematic data were recorded with a 6-camera optoelectronic system. Stride-to-stride variability was calculated from the knee flexion/extension data using the nonlinear measure of approximate entropy, which estimates the regularity of movement patterns over time.
Results:
ACL reconstruction affects stride-to-stride variability. Both the BPTB and the ST/G groups had significantly larger approximate entropy values than the healthy controls. No differences were found between the BPTB and the ST/G approximate entropy values.
Conclusions:
After ACL reconstruction using either BPTB or quadrupled ST/G, there is increased gait variability as compared to healthy individuals. This could be caused by the altered neuromuscular activity found in ACL-reconstructed limbs.
Level Of Evidence:
Level III, case control study.