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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Formation of Lipopolysaccharides01:19

Formation of Lipopolysaccharides

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are crucial components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, serving both structural and functional roles. It contributes to membrane stability and protects bacteria from host immune responses. LPS is composed of three major regions—lipid A, a core oligosaccharide, and an O antigen. The biosynthesis and assembly of LPS involve a highly coordinated set of enzymatic reactions and transport mechanisms. Additionally, LPS is recognized as an endotoxin, triggering...
Mechanisms of Membrane-bending01:15

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt secretion,...
The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections with a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Lip Fixation Device Facilitates Labial Salivary Gland Biopsy for Sjögren's Disease
05:23

A Lip Fixation Device Facilitates Labial Salivary Gland Biopsy for Sjögren's Disease

Published on: March 6, 2026

Do lip bumpers work?

Julian O'Neill1

  • 1Orthodontic Department, Kettering General Hospital NHS Trust, Kettering, Northamptonshire, UK.

Evidence-Based Dentistry
|June 30, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The lip bumper appliance can increase arch dimensions and help relieve crowding in mixed dentition. Further research is needed to confirm long-term stability of these orthodontic effects.

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Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
12:09

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Lip Fixation Device Facilitates Labial Salivary Gland Biopsy for Sjögren's Disease
05:23

A Lip Fixation Device Facilitates Labial Salivary Gland Biopsy for Sjögren's Disease

Published on: March 6, 2026

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
12:09

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Dentofacial Orthopedics

Background:

  • This review systematically searched for studies on the effects of the lip bumper appliance on dental arch dimensions and tooth movement.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials and prospective/retrospective human studies evaluating lip bumper effects on arches and teeth.

Discussion:

  • A meta-analysis was planned if multiple studies evaluated the same technique.
  • Extensive database and manual journal searches were conducted to identify eligible reports.

Key Insights:

  • Only one study provided usable outcome data out of 16 identified RCTs.
  • The lip bumper demonstrated an increase in arch dimensions, including arch length and width, and intercanine/intermolar distances.
  • Observed effects included incisor proclination, molar distalization, and distal tipping.

Outlook:

  • The long-term stability of the lip bumper's effects requires further investigation.
  • Additional high-quality research is necessary to fully elucidate the clinical efficacy and stability of the lip bumper appliance.