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Attachment of Sister Chromatids

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules. Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall of a...

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The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions take up more dye, appearing darker, while the less-compact areas take up less dye and appear lighter. Based on the compaction level, chromatins are classified into two primary forms – euchromatin and heterochromatin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Analysis of Protein-protein Interactions and Co-localization Between Components of Gap, Tight, and Adherens Junctions in Murine Mammary Glands

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Matrin 3: chromosomal distribution and protein interactions.

Michael J Zeitz¹, Kishore S Malyavantham, Brandon Seifert

¹Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry

|June 30, 2009

Summary

Matrin 3 (matr3) associates with active chromosome territories but avoids inactive ones. This nuclear matrix protein interacts with numerous proteins involved in RNA metabolism and chromatin remodeling.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Analysis of Protein-protein Interactions and Co-localization Between Components of Gap, Tight, and Adherens Junctions in Murine Mammary Glands

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Published on: January 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

Matrin 3 (matr3) is a key nuclear matrix protein implicated in various cellular functions.
Understanding matr3's localization and interactions is crucial for defining its multifaceted roles.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association of matr3 with chromosome territories.
To identify proteins that interact with matr3 within the nucleus.

Main Methods:

Immunofluorescence microscopy in fixed and live cells (using matr3-GFP).
Yeast two-hybrid analysis to identify interacting proteins.
Co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation assays in HeLa cells.

Main Results:

Matr3 localizes to autosomal and active X chromosome territories, excluding inactive X chromosomes and heterochromatin.
Yeast two-hybrid screening identified 33 nuclear proteins interacting with matr3, including those in RNA metabolism and chromatin remodeling.
Confirmation of interactions between matr3 and selected proteins, including scaffold attachment factor A (SAFA), via co-immunoprecipitation.

Conclusions:

Matr3 exhibits specific localization patterns within the nucleus relative to chromosome activity and heterochromatin.
Matr3 interacts with a diverse set of nuclear proteins, particularly those involved in RNA metabolism and chromatin organization.
These findings provide insights into the functional repertoire of matr3 within the nuclear architecture.