Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 22, 2026

10:46
A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
Published on: December 9, 2015
SUNA syndrome with seasonal pattern.
Filippo Baldacci1, Angelo Nuti, Claudio Lucetti
1University of Pisa-Department of Neurosciences, Pisa, Italy.
Headache
|June 30, 2009
Summary
Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNA) are a type of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia. This study details an unusual case of episodic SUNA presenting with a distinct seasonal pattern.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Headache Medicine
Background:
- Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) encompass a group of primary headache disorders.
- Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks (SUNA) are characterized by unilateral, short-duration attacks in the trigeminal nerve distribution with associated autonomic symptoms.
Observation:
- The case presented an atypical form of episodic SUNA.
- This episodic SUNA exhibited a distinct and exclusive seasonal pattern.
Findings:
- The observed seasonal pattern in episodic SUNA aligns with previous reports in other TACs.
- This highlights a potential chronobiological influence on certain headache presentations.
Implications:
- Understanding seasonal patterns in SUNA may aid in diagnosis and management.
- Further research into chronobiology could offer new therapeutic targets for TACs.
Related Concept Videos
Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses
The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
Summation Notation
Sigma notation, also known as summation notation, provides a concise method for representing the sum of a sequence of terms that follow a regular pattern. It utilizes the uppercase Greek letter sigma (∑), A typical expression is:In this form, k the index of summation is 1, the starting value, and n the ending value. The term ak represents the general term of the sequence.For example, the increasing sequence 5, 7, 9, ..., 23 over 10 terms can be expressed as:This simplifies the representation...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis
The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Mutations
Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
