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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

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Checkpoint regulation of DNA replication.

Erik Boye1, Henriette C Skjølberg, Beáta Grallert

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet Medical Centre, Oslo, Norway.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study explores how eukaryotic cells enter and progress through S phase, focusing on cell cycle checkpoints, particularly in fission yeast. It details the molecular mechanisms of the intra-S phase checkpoint.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The cell cycle is a fundamental process in eukaryotic cells, ensuring proper DNA replication and cell division.
  • The transition from G1 to S phase is a critical control point, tightly regulated by specific checkpoints.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for comprehending cell growth and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms governing entry into and progression through S phase in eukaryotic cells.
  • To provide an overview of the G1/S checkpoints, with a specific focus on fission yeast.
  • To discuss the intra-S phase checkpoint, including its molecular players and mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of methods for studying the G1/S transition.
  • Detailed discussion of G1/S checkpoints, emphasizing fission yeast models.
  • Exploration of intra-S phase checkpoint regulation.

Main Results:

  • The G1/S transition is regulated by intricate molecular pathways.
  • Fission yeast serves as a key model organism for studying cell cycle checkpoints.
  • The intra-S phase checkpoint involves specific molecular players and mechanisms to ensure DNA replication fidelity.

Conclusions:

  • Cell cycle progression, especially the G1/S transition and S phase, is tightly controlled by checkpoints.
  • The study highlights the importance of the intra-S phase checkpoint in maintaining genomic stability.
  • Further research into these mechanisms can provide insights into cell proliferation disorders.