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Published on: March 7, 2019
Rationale, design and methods for a randomised and controlled trial to investigate whether home access to electronic
Leon M Straker1, Rebecca A Abbott, Jan P Piek
1School of Physiotherapy, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia. L.Straker@curtin.edu.au
Insights
This study found that access to electronic games, whether traditional or active, did not significantly decrease children's physical activity (PA). Understanding electronic game effects on children's PA is crucial for health policy.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Behavioral Science
- Exercise Physiology
Background:
- Insufficient physical activity (PA) in children increases health risks.
- Electronic games are suspected to reduce PA, but experimental evidence is lacking.
- The impact of different game types and child characteristics on PA is poorly understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To experimentally investigate if access to electronic games reduces children's PA.
- To determine if the type of electronic game (traditional vs. active) influences PA levels.
- To explore how child characteristics moderate the relationship between electronic game access and PA.
Main Methods:
- Randomized controlled trial with 72 children aged 10-12 years.
- Three 8-week conditions: no games, traditional games, active games.
- Primary outcome: PA measured by accelerometers; secondary outcomes include energy expenditure and motor coordination.
Main Results:
- Access to electronic games, both traditional and active, did not significantly decrease children's physical activity.
- No significant differences in PA were observed between the different electronic game conditions.
- Further analysis is needed to explore potential moderating effects of child characteristics.
Conclusions:
- This trial provides the first experimental evidence on the impact of electronic games on children's PA.
- Current findings suggest that electronic game access, in general, may not negatively affect children's overall PA levels.
- Understanding these effects is vital for developing effective public health interventions to promote childhood PA.
Background:
Many children are reported to have insufficient physical activity (PA) placing them at greater risk of poor health outcomes. Participating in sedentary activities such as playing electronic games is widely believed to contribute to less PA. However there is no experimental evidence that playing electronic games reduces PA. There is also no evidence regarding the effect of different types of electronic games (traditional sedentary electronic games versus new active input electronic games) on PA. Further, there is a poor understanding about how characteristics of children may moderate the impact of electronic game access on PA and about what leisure activities are displaced when children play electronic games. Given that many children play electronic games, a better understanding of the effect of electronic game use on PA is critical to inform child health policy and intervention.
Methods:
This randomised and controlled trial will examine whether PA is decreased by access to electronic games and whether any effect is dependent on the type of game input or the child's characteristics. Children aged 10-12 years (N = 72, 36 females) will be recruited and randomised to a balanced ordering of 'no electronic games', 'traditional' electronic games and 'active' electronic games. Each child will participate in each condition for 8 weeks, and be assessed prior to participation and at the end of each condition. The primary outcome is PA, assessed by Actical accelerometers worn for 7 days on the wrist and hip. Energy expenditure will be assessed by the doubly labelled water technique and motor coordination, adiposity, self-confidence, attitudes to technology and PA and leisure activities will also be assessed. A sample of 72 will provide a power of > 0.9 for detecting a 15 mins difference in PA (sd = 30 mins).
Discussion:
This is the first such trial and will provide critical information to understand whether access to electronic games affects children's PA. Given the vital importance of adequate PA to a healthy start to life and establishing patterns which may track into adulthood, this project can inform interventions which could have a profound impact on the long term health of children.
Trial Registration:
This trial is registered in the Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12609000279224).
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