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Related Concept Videos

Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake01:21

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...
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Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices
07:32

Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices

Published on: October 12, 2017

GABA keeps up an appetite for life.

Marcelo O Dietrich1, Tamas L Horvath

  • 1Program on Cell and Neurobiology of Energy Metabolism, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Cell
|July 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Neurons producing NPY and AgRP in the hypothalamus regulate feeding behavior. These neurons influence the brainstem

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is crucial for energy homeostasis.
  • Neuropeptides Y (NPY) and Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) are key regulators of appetite.
  • Understanding the neural circuits controlling feeding behavior is essential for metabolic research.

Discussion:

  • Wu et al. (2009) demonstrate a novel GABAergic projection from hypothalamic NPY/AgRP neurons to the parabrachial nucleus.
  • This pathway suggests a direct mechanism by which appetite-regulating neurons influence feeding decisions.
  • The findings link central appetite signals to brainstem circuits involved in sensory processing and arousal.

Key Insights:

  • Hypothalamic NPY/AgRP neurons directly modulate feeding behavior via GABAergic signaling.

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Using the Activity-based Anorexia Rodent Model to Study the Neurobiological Basis of Anorexia Nervosa

Published on: October 22, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices
07:32

Whole-cell Currents Induced by Puff Application of GABA in Brain Slices

Published on: October 12, 2017

Using the Activity-based Anorexia Rodent Model to Study the Neurobiological Basis of Anorexia Nervosa
07:46

Using the Activity-based Anorexia Rodent Model to Study the Neurobiological Basis of Anorexia Nervosa

Published on: October 22, 2015

  • The parabrachial nucleus is a critical relay for integrating appetite signals and feeding responses.
  • This study reveals a previously unappreciated neural circuit in energy balance regulation.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the specific roles of GABAergic transmission in NPY/AgRP neuron function.
    • Investigating this circuit's involvement in different feeding states (e.g., fasting, satiety) is warranted.
    • Therapeutic strategies targeting this pathway could offer new avenues for obesity and eating disorder treatments.