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Detection of Toxin Translocation into the Host Cytosol by Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Published on: January 3, 2012

Membrane translocation by anthrax toxin.

R John Collier1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, United States. jcollier@hms.harvard.edu

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|July 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anthrax toxin

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Cellular toxicology
  • Protein transport

Background:

  • Anthrax toxin is crucial in Bacillus anthracis pathogenesis.
  • It serves as a model for studying toxin-mediated membrane translocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of anthrax toxin translocation across cellular membranes.
  • To understand the structural and functional aspects of the protective antigen pore.

Main Methods:

  • Electrophysiological studies in planar bilayers.
  • Analysis of protein translocation pathways.
  • Investigating the role of pH gradients in transport.

Main Results:

  • Protective Antigen (PA) forms a heptameric pore after activation.
  • Edema Factor (EF) and Lethal Factor (LF) translocate through the pore in an unfolded state.
  • A phenylalanine ring (Phe427) within the pore seals against ion passage, preserving pH gradients.

Conclusions:

  • The anthrax toxin pore actively transports EF and LF across the endosomal membrane.
  • A Brownian ratchet mechanism is proposed for EF and LF translocation.
  • This process may involve molecular chaperonins for effective delivery of effector proteins.