Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
05:46

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

Effect of a high-flow open nasal cannula system on obstructive sleep apnea in children

Brian McGinley1, Ann Halbower, Alan R Schwartz

  • 1Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Johns Hopkins Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. bmcginley@jhmi.edu

Pediatrics
|July 1, 2009
PubMed

Insights

Warm humidified air delivered via nasal cannula (treatment with nasal insufflation) effectively reduced obstructive sleep apnea events in children. This therapy showed comparable results to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), offering a potential alternative treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children causes significant morbidity.
  • Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is effective but has low adherence rates.
  • Novel therapeutic approaches are needed for pediatric OSAS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of treatment with nasal insufflation (TNI) in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To compare TNI with CPAP and baseline in terms of sleep-disordered breathing parameters.
  • To assess the impact of TNI on inspiratory flow limitation and respiratory measures.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve children (age 10±1 years, BMI 35±14 kg/m²) with mild-to-severe OSAS participated.
  • Participants received 20 L/min of air via nasal cannula (TNI) or CPAP.
  • Sleep architecture, breathing, arousal indexes, and inspiratory flow limitation were measured.

Main Results:

  • TNI significantly reduced inspiratory flow limitation, respiratory rate, and duty cycle.
  • TNI decreased obstructive apnea events from 11±3 to 5±2 per hour (P < .01).
  • Apnea-hypopnea index reduction with TNI was comparable to CPAP in most children.

Conclusions:

  • Treatment with nasal insufflation (TNI) is a viable alternative therapy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.
  • TNI may improve adherence compared to CPAP.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm the long-term efficacy of TNI.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation07:15

Preoxygenation Techniques for Tracheal Intubation in Critically Ill Adults Utilizing Oxygen Mask and Noninvasive Ventilation

Published on: December 5, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask01:26

Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask

The human body requires oxygen to function, and when the natural process of respiration is hindered, external devices, including the following, are needed to help deliver this vital gas.
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...
Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula01:29

Administering Oxygen by Nasal Cannula

Oxygen therapy is critical to patient care, especially for those struggling with respiratory issues. This intervention increases the oxygen concentration in the lungs, enhancing the amount of oxygen transported to the body's tissues. One standard method of delivering supplemental oxygen is through a nasal cannula, a non-invasive device that provides low to medium oxygen concentrations.
Nasal Cannulas
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split into two prongs placed in the nostrils, connected...
Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen01:16

Oxygen Delivering System II: Venturi Mask and Transtracheal Oxygen

Oxygen therapy is a pivotal aspect of medical care, particularly for patients with respiratory ailments. Two prominent oxygen-delivering systems include the Venturi mask and the transtracheal oxygen catheter.
Venturi Mask
The Venturi mask, named after the Venturi effect, is designed to deliver precise oxygen concentrations. It consists of a large tube with an oxygen inlet that narrows down, causing a pressure drop that pulls air in through adjustable side ports. The mask is a lightweight,...
Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...
Administering Oxygen by Mask01:30

Administering Oxygen by Mask

Administering Oxygen by Mask
Administering oxygen by mask is a common nursing intervention that provides supplemental oxygen to patients with respiratory distress or chronic lung conditions. This procedure involves delivering oxygen at a specified rate through a face mask connected to an oxygen source.
Equipment
The equipment necessary for this procedure includes: