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Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State01:18

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...
Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State01:25

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy01:23

Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy

Cells can adapt to environmental changes to maintain function and avoid injury, a process called cellular adaptation. Adapted cells exist in a reversible intermediate state with changes in size, number, phenotype, metabolism, or function. These responses help cells meet altered physiological or pathological demands; for example, enlargement of breast and uterine tissues during pregnancy. Early adaptations may enhance function, but persistent stress eventually causes tissue damage.Types of...

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training
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Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

Published on: July 27, 2022

The physical activity transition.

Peter T Katzmarzyk1, Caitlin Mason

  • 1Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, LA 70808,USA.

Journal of Physical Activity & Health
|July 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Declining physical activity levels, termed the "Physical Activity Transition," may reduce life expectancy gains. Understanding how societal changes impact physical activity is crucial for public health.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Physical activity is vital for preventing chronic diseases and mortality.
  • Insufficient physical activity poses a significant global public health challenge.
  • Economic and demographic shifts influence population health outcomes worldwide.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the concept of the "Physical Activity Transition."
  • To investigate how decreasing physical activity affects health and longevity during societal changes.
  • To highlight the relationship between physical activity, mortality, and life expectancy.

Main Methods:

  • This report synthesizes existing evidence and introduces a conceptual framework.
  • It explores the link between lifestyle-related physical activity and mortality rates.

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  • It emphasizes the need for advanced measurement techniques for physical activity across various domains.

    • Main Results:

    • Lower physical activity levels can counteract expected increases in life expectancy.
    • The "Physical Activity Transition" may attenuate benefits from the epidemiological transition.
    • Macro-level factors significantly influence physical activity and subsequent health patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • The "Physical Activity Transition" is a critical factor impacting population health.
    • Further research on physical activity measurement is essential for public health strategies.
    • Addressing declining physical activity is key to maximizing health gains in evolving societies.