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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
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Published on: March 17, 2019

Are ADHD symptoms associated with delay aversion or choice impulsivity? A general population study.

Yannis Paloyelis1, Philip Asherson1, Jonna Kuntsi1

  • 1All of the authors are with the Medical Research Council Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|July 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Inattention symptoms in children are uniquely linked to choosing immediate rewards over delayed ones. This finding highlights the connection between attention and decision-making processes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Delay aversion theory distinguishes between choice impulsivity (preference for immediate rewards) and its theoretical construct.
  • Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, potentially influencing decision-making.
  • Understanding the relationship between ADHD symptoms and choice impulsivity is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and choice impulsivity.
  • To test hypotheses derived from delay aversion theory regarding ADHD and reward-seeking behavior.
  • To examine the unique contribution of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity to choice impulsivity.

Main Methods:

  • A choice-delay task was administered to 1,062 children (ages 7.9-10.9) involving repeated choices between immediate and delayed rewards.
  • The task included conditions with and without a post-reward delay to assess different aspects of delay aversion.
  • Symptom dimensions of ADHD were assessed, and their predictive power for choice impulsivity was analyzed, controlling for age and IQ, with sex as a factor.

Main Results:

  • Inattention ratings significantly and uniquely predicted a preference for immediate rewards across both task conditions and for both sexes.
  • Delay aversion was associated with inattention in boys, though the effect size was small.
  • Hyperactivity-impulsivity showed a negative association with choice impulsivity in girls under the post-reward delay condition, but not in boys.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of a unique link between inattention symptoms and behavioral measures of choice impulsivity and delay aversion.
  • Findings suggest that core processes underlying choice impulsivity may play a role in behavioral inattention.
  • Further research into the behavioral and neural mechanisms of choice impulsivity could improve ADHD interventions.