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Intracellular Signaling Cascades

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Once a ligand binds to a receptor, the signal is transmitted through the membrane and into the cytoplasm. The continuation of a signal in this manner is called signal transduction. Signal transduction only occurs with cell-surface receptors, which cannot interact with most components of the cell, such as DNA. Only internal receptors can interact directly with DNA in the nucleus to initiate protein synthesis. When a ligand binds to its receptor, conformational changes occur that affect the...

Intracellular Signaling Cascades

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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Subcellular Fractionation for ERK Activation Upon Mitochondrial-derived Peptide Treatment

Subcellular Fractionation for ERK Activation Upon Mitochondrial-derived Peptide Treatment

Published on: September 25, 2017

The ERK signaling cascade--views from different subcellular compartments.

Zhong Yao¹, Rony Seger

¹Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Biofactors (Oxford, England)

|July 1, 2009

Summary

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade

Area of Science:

Cellular signaling
Molecular biology
Biochemistry

Background:

The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade is a crucial signaling pathway.
It is activated by diverse extracellular stimuli.
The pathway regulates numerous cellular processes through its components.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the intracellular localizations of ERK cascade components.
To examine how these localizations affect ERK activation and specificity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies on ERK cascade localization.
Analysis of experimental data on subcellular distribution.
Discussion of regulatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

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Subcellular Fractionation for ERK Activation Upon Mitochondrial-derived Peptide Treatment

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Published on: September 25, 2017

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Visualization of Endoplasmic Reticulum Subdomains in Cultured Cells

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Published on: February 18, 2014

ERK cascade components display dynamic and versatile subcellular distributions.
Localization significantly impacts the temporal and spatial modulation of cellular processes.
Specific localizations are critical for signal transduction and target regulation.

Conclusions:

Intracellular localization is a key determinant of ERK cascade function.
Understanding ERK localization is essential for comprehending cellular signaling and regulation.
This review highlights the importance of subcellular dynamics in kinase signaling.