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Related Concept Videos

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Oncolytic viral therapy using reovirus.

Chandini Thirukkumaran1, Don G Morris

  • 1Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine and Oncology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|July 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Reovirus, a naturally occurring virus, shows promise as an oncolytic therapy by selectively targeting and destroying cancer cells with minimal toxicity. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring its potential, including combination therapies and immune adjuvant strategies.

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Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats
08:55

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Published on: April 15, 2016

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy
08:51

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Published on: April 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Current cancer treatments like chemotherapy and targeted therapies face limitations due to resistance, toxicity, and narrow therapeutic indices.
  • Oncolytic viruses represent a novel class of biological therapeutics with broad anticancer activity and low human toxicity.
  • These viruses exploit the aberrant signaling pathways common in cancer cells for selective replication and tumor destruction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the potential of reovirus, a naturally occurring double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus, as an oncolytic agent against various cancers.
  • To review the mechanisms of reovirus-mediated tumor cell lysis, including apoptosis and synergistic effects with conventional therapies.
  • To highlight the current status of reovirus in clinical trials and ongoing research into overcoming immune-mediated limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies demonstrating reovirus's ability to infect and lyse both solid and hematological tumors.
  • Analysis of preclinical and clinical data on reovirus efficacy, toxicity, and mechanisms of action.
  • Investigation into combination therapies (reovirus with radiation/chemotherapy) and immune-adjuvant strategies.

Main Results:

  • Reovirus effectively infects and lyses cancer cells, primarily through apoptosis, across various experimental models.
  • Synergistic anti-tumor effects are observed when reovirus is combined with chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
  • Clinical trials indicate potential efficacy, though anti-reovirus immune responses have been noted as a challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Reovirus demonstrates significant preclinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile, positioning it as an attractive candidate for cancer therapy.
  • Further research is focused on optimizing reovirus delivery and function, including its use as an immune adjuvant to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
  • Ongoing phase I/II clinical trials are evaluating the therapeutic potential of reovirus in cancer patients.