Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Masonry Cavity Walls01:26

Masonry Cavity Walls

Cavity walls feature a hollow space between the outer and inner wythes, connected only by corrosion-resistant metal ties. When water seeps through the outer wythe, it descends within this cavity, intercepted by flashing and eventually exiting through weep holes. To enhance moisture resistance, the inner wythe's cavity side often receives damp-proofing, doubling as an air barrier. The cavity can also house insulation to mitigate heat transfer.
Maintaining a clean cavity during construction is...
Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls01:20

Cavity Drainage and Flashings in Masonry walls

Typically, a cavity wall consists of two wythes separated by a gap of at least 2 inches, which may contain insulation while still maintaining a minimum clear space of 1 inch to facilitate adequate drainage. Advanced methods like the insertion of a continuous drainage mat can further reduce this space while ensuring effective moisture expulsion.
Weep holes, strategically placed at the base of the cavity, are critical for draining accumulated water. These openings are created by leaving head...
Robbers Cave04:49

Robbers Cave

During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Steady-state analysis of mean first-passage times with stochastic switching.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Solute flux through a fluctuating membrane channel.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same author

Time and Length Scales of Incomplete Translocation through Nanopores.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2025
Same author

Trapping of particles diffusing in a cavity by hidden binding sites analyzed with the Reimann-Schmid-Hanggi steady-state approach.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025
Same author

Barrier recrossing dynamics and phenomenological rate equations from single-molecule perspective.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025
Same author

Particle dynamics in biconical cavities: First-passage, direct-transit, and looping time distributions.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles
08:44

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Published on: January 3, 2017

Escape from cavity through narrow tunnel.

Alexander M Berezhkovskii1, Alexander V Barzykin, Vladimir Yu Zitserman

  • 1Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Division of Computational Bioscience, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA. berezh@helix.nih.gov

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|July 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study models particle escape from a cavity via a narrow tunnel, deriving formulas for survival probability and mean lifetime. Results accurately predict particle diffusion escape dynamics across various geometric parameters.

More Related Videos

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models
12:59

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models

Published on: February 26, 2014

A Burrowing/Tunneling Assay for Detection of Hypoxia in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae
09:04

A Burrowing/Tunneling Assay for Detection of Hypoxia in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae

Published on: March 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles
08:44

Assessing Spatial Learning and Memory in Small Squamate Reptiles

Published on: January 3, 2017

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models
12:59

Barnes Maze Testing Strategies with Small and Large Rodent Models

Published on: February 26, 2014

A Burrowing/Tunneling Assay for Detection of Hypoxia in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae
09:04

A Burrowing/Tunneling Assay for Detection of Hypoxia in Drosophila melanogaster Larvae

Published on: March 27, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Particle diffusion and escape phenomena are crucial in various scientific fields.
  • Understanding particle transport through constrictions is vital for predicting system behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive analytical expressions for particle survival probability and mean lifetime during escape from a cavity through a narrow tunnel.
  • To investigate the influence of geometric parameters and diffusion coefficients on particle escape dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of Laplace transforms for particle survival probability, lifetime probability density, and mean lifetime.
  • Numerical inversion of Laplace transforms and comparison with solutions to the 3D diffusion equation.

Main Results:

  • Formulas were derived showing dependence on cavity volume, tunnel dimensions, and diffusion coefficients.
  • The derived expressions encompass previous models as special cases and predict correct asymptotic behavior.
  • Analytical results demonstrated excellent agreement with numerical simulations across a wide range of parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The developed analytical theory accurately describes particle escape dynamics through narrow tunnels.
  • The findings provide a robust framework for analyzing diffusion-controlled escape processes in confined geometries.