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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
Scanning Electron Microscopy01:07

Scanning Electron Microscopy

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to study the surface features of a sample by using an electron beam that scans the sample surface in a two-dimensional manner. Typically, areas between ~1 centimeter to 5 micrometers in width can be imaged. SEM can be used to image bacteria, viruses, tissues as well as larger samples like insects. Conventional SEM gives a magnification ranging from 20X to 30,000X and spatial resolution of 50 to 100 nanometers.
Fundamental Principles
Accelerated...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

Overview of Electron Microscopy

The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
06:53

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Electron spectroscopy using two-dimensional electron detection and a camera in a single electron counting mode.

M Vos1, M R Went, E Weigold

  • 1Atomic and Molecular Physics Laboratories, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia. maarten.vos@anu.edu.au

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study presents an economical method for reading out electron spectrometer detectors using a charge-coupled device camera in pulse counting mode, achieving high count rates. The technique was validated against a resistive anode detector, showing good agreement for electron scattering experiments.

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−
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Photoelectron Imaging of Anions Illustrated by 310 Nm Detachment of F−

Published on: July 27, 2018

Energy Dispersive X-ray Tomography for 3D Elemental Mapping of Individual Nanoparticles
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Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures
08:53

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

Published on: October 9, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Detector Technology

Background:

  • Electron spectrometers are crucial for analyzing atomic and molecular interactions.
  • Traditional detector readout methods can be costly and have limitations.
  • Charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras offer potential for advanced detector applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe an economical implementation for reading out a 2D detector in an electron spectrometer.
  • To utilize a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera with pulse counting for enhanced data acquisition.
  • To validate the performance of this new method against established techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a cost-effective readout system for a 2D detector.
  • Utilizing a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera in pulse counting mode.
  • Conducting electron scattering experiments on Xenon (Xe) atoms for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

  • The developed CCD camera readout system successfully handles count rates up to 10 kHz.
  • Experimental results using the CCD method showed good agreement with data from a resistive anode detector.
  • The validity of the economical pulse counting readout method was established.

Conclusions:

  • The described economical CCD camera pulse counting method is a viable and effective technique for electron spectrometer readout.
  • This approach offers a cost-efficient alternative for high count rate applications in electron spectroscopy.
  • The validated method enhances the accessibility and performance of electron scattering experiments.