Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used.
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Principle

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
The ions and electrons produced interact with the fluctuating magnetic field created by a water-cooled...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other axis.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The H10 high power density hall thruster.

Journal of electric propulsion·2025
Same author

Evaluation of Graphite/h-BN Bimaterials for Electric Propulsion.

Journal of electric propulsion·2025
Same author

The dentin phosphoprotein repeat region and inherited defects of dentin.

Molecular genetics & genomic medicine·2016
Same author

Analysis of Wien filter spectra from Hall thruster plumes.

The Review of scientific instruments·2015
Same author

Taurodontism, variations in tooth number, and misshapened crowns in Wnt10a null mice and human kindreds.

Molecular genetics & genomic medicine·2015
Same author

Hypomaturation amelogenesis imperfecta caused by a novel SLC24A4 mutation.

Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
12:22

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters

Published on: February 16, 2019

Method for analyzing E x B probe spectra from Hall thruster plumes.

Rohit Shastry1, Richard R Hofer, Bryan M Reid

  • 1Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments
|July 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Accurately measuring ion current fractions in Hall thruster plumes requires accounting for peak broadening and charge exchange effects. Simple models can correct for these, ensuring reliable E x B probe data for thruster analysis.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
09:41

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters
12:22

Optimization, Test and Diagnostics of Miniaturized Hall Thrusters

Published on: February 16, 2019

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization
08:22

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Published on: August 6, 2018

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron
09:41

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Published on: June 9, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Electric propulsion

Background:

  • Hall thrusters are crucial for space propulsion.
  • Accurate measurement of ion species' current fractions is vital for Hall thruster performance analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate methods for determining ion species' current fractions using E x B probes in Hall thruster plumes.
  • Quantify the impact of peak broadening and charge exchange on current fraction calculations.
  • Develop recommendations for minimizing measurement errors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized E x B probes to measure ion species' current fractions.
  • Quantified the effects of peak broadening and charge exchange under various operating conditions.
  • Applied a simple approximation for the velocity distribution function and a 1D charge exchange correction model.

Main Results:

  • Peak broadening and charge exchange significantly affect current fraction calculations, particularly at pressures above 10(-5) torr.
  • The developed correction models effectively account for these effects.
  • Established a guideline (pz ≤ 2) to maintain plume attenuation below 30% due to charge exchange.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate ion current fraction determination in Hall thruster plumes necessitates accounting for peak broadening and charge exchange.
  • The proposed correction methods and operational guidelines improve measurement reliability.
  • Understanding spatial variations and single-point measurement errors is crucial for comprehensive plume analysis.