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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch
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Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

Published on: August 24, 2019

Variant neutropenic enterocolitis presenting as acute appendicitis.

Brant W Ullery1, Fredric M Pieracci, Philip S Barie

  • 1Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA.

Surgical Infections
|July 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE) can affect the appendix in non-cancer patients. This case highlights neutropenic appendicitis as a distinct NE variant, successfully treated non-operatively.

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Published on: November 30, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Neutropenic enterocolitis (NE), or typhlitis, is a severe gastrointestinal complication often seen in neutropenic patients undergoing chemotherapy.
  • NE typically involves the colon but can affect any part of the GI tract, presenting with fever, abdominal pain, and neutropenia.
  • This condition is predominantly associated with hematologic malignancies and their treatments.

Observation:

  • A case report details a 50-year-old man with sulfasalazine-induced agranulocytosis presenting with symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis.
  • CT imaging revealed findings consistent with appendicitis, but the patient had no history of malignancy.
  • The patient's condition improved with antibiotics and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy, without surgical intervention.

Findings:

  • This report identifies the first case of neutropenic appendicitis in a non-oncologic patient with isolated appendiceal involvement.
  • Neutropenic appendicitis is proposed as a variant of NE, distinct from non-neutropenic acute appendicitis.
  • Successful non-operative management of neutropenic appendicitis was achieved with antibiotics and G-CSF.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of neutropenic appendicitis requires a high index of suspicion in febrile neutropenic patients.
  • Clinical presentation and CT findings can be similar to non-neutropenic appendicitis, necessitating careful patient history evaluation.
  • Recognizing neutropenic appendicitis as a variant of NE is crucial for appropriate medical management and avoiding unnecessary surgery.