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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains

Published on: June 3, 2020

Exceptional brain aging in a rural population-based cohort.

Jeffrey Kaye1, Yvonne Michael, James Calvert

  • 1Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.

The Journal of Rural Health : Official Journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association
|July 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive impairment affects most rural centenarians, with dementia prevalent in 61.3%. Understanding risk factors can help prevent dementia progression in younger elderly populations.

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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

Abbiategrasso Brain Bank Protocol for Collecting, Processing and Characterizing Aging Brains
12:28

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Published on: June 3, 2020

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Increased longevity highlights the need to maintain independence and quality of life in centenarians.
  • Little is known about disabling conditions, including dementia, in rural centenarian populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of disabling conditions, including cognitive impairment, in a rural population of very elderly individuals.
  • To provide guidance for clinicians caring for this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Population-based cohort study of residents aged 97 and older in a rural region (Klamath Basin, Oregon).
  • In-person examinations were conducted to assess disabling conditions.

Main Results:

  • Dementia prevalence was 61.3% (probable/possible Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia).
  • Mild cognitive impairment was present in 29.0% of individuals.
  • Systemic vascular disease was nearly universal; Parkinsonism and APOEe4 allele were rare.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive impairment is nearly universal in this rural very elderly population.
  • Approximately 40% of individuals had not progressed to full dementia.
  • Identifying dementia risk factors may lead to strategies for prevention in younger elderly groups.