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Development of a Virtual Reality Assessment of Everyday Living Skills

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Inspection time predicts individual differences in everyday functioning among elderly adults: testing discriminant

Tess Gregory¹, Adelaide Callaghan, Ted Nettelbeck

¹School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. tess.gregory@adelaide.edu.au

Australasian Journal on Ageing

|July 2, 2009

Summary

Faster inspection time (IT) predicts better everyday functioning in older adults. Slower IT at the start indicates future difficulties in daily tasks, validating IT as a biomarker for aging.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Cognitive Neuroscience
Biomarkers of Aging

Background:

Inspection time (IT) is a cognitive processing speed measure.
IT is being explored as a potential biomarker for aging.
The relationship between IT and everyday functioning in older adults requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if baseline inspection time (IT) predicts subsequent everyday functioning in community-dwelling elderly individuals.
To validate IT as a biomarker for age-related functional decline.

Main Methods:

Longitudinal study tracking IT over 18 months in elderly participants.
Cross-sectional comparison at 42 months between groups with faster and slower baseline IT.
Assessment of everyday functioning using the Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (TIADL) - Adelaide.

Main Results:

Individuals with slower baseline IT demonstrated significantly poorer performance on over half of the everyday functioning tasks at 42 months.
Poorer performance included slower task completion and increased errors.
The groups were matched for age and education, strengthening the findings.

Conclusions:

Slower inspection time (IT) is a significant predictor of difficulties in everyday functioning up to four years later in older adults.
These findings provide discriminant validation for IT as a biomarker of future functional changes associated with aging.
IT may serve as an early indicator for interventions aimed at maintaining functional independence in the elderly.