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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which result in visible changes...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...

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Related Experiment Video

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Genome Editing in Astyanax mexicanus Using Transcription Activator-like Effector Nucleases (TALENs)
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Testing strategies for genomic selection in aquaculture breeding programs.

Anna K Sonesson1, Theo H E Meuwissen

  • 1Nofima Marine AS, As, Norway. Anna.Sonesson@nofima.no

Genetics, Selection, Evolution : GSE
|July 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Genomic selection in aquaculture significantly boosts genetic gain and reduces inbreeding when using sib-testing every generation. Reducing sib-testing decreases accuracy, highlighting its importance for effective genomic selection strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • Aquaculture
  • Quantitative Genetics

Background:

  • Genomic selection utilizes dense genetic markers to predict breeding values.
  • In aquaculture, genomic selection schemes often involve testing siblings of selection candidates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic gains, inbreeding rates, and selection accuracy in aquaculture genomic selection.
  • To evaluate the impact of varying sib-testing frequencies on these parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated a Fisher-Wright population for 4000 generations.
  • Implemented a basic genomic selection scheme with 3000 candidates and 3000 tested sibs.
  • Analyzed variants with different sib-testing frequencies and marker densities.

Main Results:

  • Selection accuracy in generation 5 was 0.823 with continuous sib-testing, dropping to 0.304 with sib-testing only in the first generation.
  • Continuous sib-testing resulted in 72% higher genetic gain compared to sib-testing only in the first generation.
  • Inbreeding rates were reduced by 81% in genomic selection schemes versus traditional methods due to within-family selection.

Conclusions:

  • Reducing sib-testing or genotyping frequency leads to a loss in selection accuracy and genetic gain.
  • Genomic selection schemes, particularly with within-family selection, substantially reduce inbreeding compared to traditional approaches.