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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP01:26

Endoscopic Procedures V: ERCP

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a diagnostic procedure that combines endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat conditions related to the bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, and gallbladder. This procedure is beneficial for identifying and addressing blockages, gallstones, strictures, and tumors within the biliary or pancreatic systems. ERCP is both diagnostic and therapeutic, offering the ability to visualize and treat identified problems in one session.
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Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
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Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...
Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy01:28

Endoscopic Procedures III: Video Capsule Endoscopy

Capsule endoscopy, or wireless or video capsule endoscopy, is a diagnostic procedure for examining the entire gastrointestinal tract. Patients swallow a capsule about the size of a vitamin tablet. The capsule is equipped with a transmitter, a battery, an LED light source, and a color video camera to capture images throughout the gastrointestinal tract. This procedure is particularly useful for diagnosing conditions such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, tumors, polyps, ulcers, unexplained...
Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

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Breast ductal endoscopy: how many procedures qualify?

Flora Zagouri1, Theodoros N Sergentanis, Georgia Giannakopoulou

  • 1Breast Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, Hippokratio Hospital, University of Athens; 114, Vas Sofias Ave, Athens 116 27, Greece. florazagouri@yahoo.co.uk

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Breast ductal endoscopy proficiency is typically achieved after approximately 13 procedures. This study defines the learning curve for breast fellows learning this important diagnostic technique.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical training and medical education
  • Gastroenterology and endoscopy
  • Breast surgery and oncology

Background:

  • Breast ductal endoscopy is a valuable diagnostic tool for evaluating bloody nipple discharge.
  • Training breast fellows in ductal endoscopy is crucial but lacks systematic study.
  • The learning curve for ductal endoscopy is not well-defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the number of procedures required for successful breast ductal endoscopy.
  • To establish a benchmark for proficiency in ductal endoscopy training.
  • To investigate the learning curve associated with ductal endoscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Ten breast fellows underwent training using an ex vivo model.
  • Training involved 20 surgical specimens from mastectomy procedures.
  • Proficiency was defined as achieving four consecutive successful ductal endoscopies.

Main Results:

  • The number of procedures to achieve proficiency ranged from 9 to 17.
  • The median number of procedures required was 13.
  • 50% of trainees reached proficiency by the 13th procedure or earlier.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 13 procedures appear sufficient to achieve proficiency in ductal endoscopy.
  • Larger studies are needed to validate these pilot findings.
  • Further research into various training models for ductal endoscopy is recommended.