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Related Concept Videos

Labeling DNA Probes03:31

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...
Southern Blot02:57

Southern Blot

Agarose gel electrophoresis is very useful in separating DNA fragments by size. Running a DNA ladder containing fragments of the known length alongside the sample helps determine the approximate length of the sample DNA fragments. However, additional steps are needed to verify the sequence identity of the sample DNA fragments.
Denatured DNA fragments must be transferred onto a carrier membrane from the gel to make it accessible to a probe - a small ssDNA fragment complementary to the target DNA...
DNA Isolation01:34

DNA Isolation

DNA from cells is required for many biotechnology and research applications, such as molecular cloning. To remove and purify DNA from cells, researchers use various methods of DNA extraction. While the specifics of different protocols may vary, some general concepts underlie the process of DNA extraction.
DNA Isolation01:24

DNA Isolation

DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 22, 2026

DNAzyme 10-23 - Based Nanomachines for Nucleic Acid Recognition
07:16

DNAzyme 10-23 - Based Nanomachines for Nucleic Acid Recognition

Published on: February 9, 2024

AIMing 2 detect foreign DNA.

Arthur M Krieg1

  • 1Pfizer Research Technology Center, 620 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. arthur.krieg@pfizer.com

Science Signaling
|July 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immune cells detect foreign DNA using AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2), which forms an inflammasome. This complex activates caspase-1, leading to cell death and the release of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta).

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Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array
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Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array

Published on: November 15, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 22, 2026

DNAzyme 10-23 - Based Nanomachines for Nucleic Acid Recognition
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Published on: February 9, 2024

Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array
08:56

Visual Detection of Multiple Nucleic Acids in a Capillary Array

Published on: November 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Immune cells recognize foreign genomic DNA in the cytoplasm.
  • This recognition triggers inflammatory responses, including cell death and cytokine secretion.
  • Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) is a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in these responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which immune cells detect cytoplasmic foreign DNA.
  • To identify the key proteins involved in initiating the inflammatory cascade.
  • To understand the formation of the inflammasome complex.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the role of the HIN-200 family member AIM2 (absent in melanoma 2).
  • Characterized the binding and oligomerization of AIM2 on cytoplasmic DNA via its HIN domain.
  • Examined the recruitment of the ASC (apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a CARD) adaptor and caspase-1.

Main Results:

  • AIM2 binds and oligomerizes on cytoplasmic DNA.
  • Oligomerized AIM2 recruits ASC through pyrin domain interactions.
  • The AIM2-ASC complex binds caspase-1, forming an inflammasome that generates IL-1beta.

Conclusions:

  • The AIM2 inflammasome is a critical pathway for detecting foreign DNA in the cytoplasm.
  • This pathway leads to the production of IL-1beta and subsequent inflammatory reactions.
  • Immune detection of foreign nucleic acids involves multiple distinct signaling pathways with diverse outcomes.